我们的内陆身份证和港澳台身份证号码位不一样，内陆位18位，港澳台15位。我们可以通过一些特殊的校验位来区分。

  • 身份证15位时，次序为省（3位）市（3位）年（2位）月（2位）日（2位）校验位（3位），皆为数字
  • 身份证18位时，次序为省（3位）市（3位）年（4位）月（2位）日（2位）校验位（4位），校验位末尾可能为X，X表示10，17位表示的事本人性别，偶数女性，奇数为男性。

具体代码实现如下：

// 验证身份证号码
function verify_id_card(value) {
    // 转换字母为大写，增加大小写X的容错能力
    var id_card = value.toUpperCase();
    console.log('身份证信息:', id_card)

    //检查号码是否符合规范，包括长度，类型
    var isCardNo = function (obj) {
        //身份证号码为15位或者18位，15位时全为数字，18位前17位为数字，最后一位是校验位，可能为数字或字符X
        var reg = /(^\d{15}$)|(^\d{17}(\d|X)$)/;
        if (reg.test(obj) === false) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    };
    //取身份证前两位,校验省份
    var checkProvince = function (obj) {
        var province = obj.substr(0, 2),
            // 校验省份用的HASH对照表
            vcity = {
                "11": "北京",
                "12": "天津",
                "13": "河北",
                "14": "山西",
                "15": "内蒙古",
                "21": "辽宁",
                "22": "吉林",
                "23": "黑龙江",
                "31": "上海",
                "32": "江苏",
                "33": "浙江",
                "34": "安徽",
                "35": "福建",
                "36": "江西",
                "37": "山东",
                "41": "河南",
                "42": "湖北",
                "43": "湖南",
                "44": "广东",
                "45": "广西",
                "46": "海南",
                "50": "重庆",
                "51": "四川",
                "52": "贵州",
                "53": "云南",
                "54": "西藏",
                "61": "陕西",
                "62": "甘肃",
                "63": "青海",
                "64": "宁夏",
                "65": "新疆",
                "71": "台湾",
                "81": "香港",
                "82": "澳门",
                "91": "国外"
            };
        if (vcity[province] == undefined) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    };

    //校验日期
    var verifyBirthday = function (year, month, day, birthday) {
        var now = new Date();
        var now_year = now.getFullYear();
        //年月日是否合理
        if (birthday.getFullYear() == year && (birthday.getMonth() + 1) == month && birthday.getDate() == day) {
            //判断年份的范围（3岁到100岁之间)
            var time = now_year - year;
            if (time >= 0 && time <= 130) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        return false;
    };
    //检查生日是否正确
    var checkBirthday = function (obj) {
        var len = obj.length;
        //身份证15位时，次序为省（3位）市（3位）年（2位）月（2位）日（2位）校验位（3位），皆为数字
        if (len == '15') {
            var re_fifteen = /^(\d{6})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{3})$/;
            var arr_data = obj.match(re_fifteen);
            var year = arr_data[2];
            var month = arr_data[3];
            var day = arr_data[4];
            var birthday = new Date('19' + year + '/' + month + '/' + day);
            return verifyBirthday('19' + year, month, day, birthday);
        }
        //身份证18位时，次序为省（3位）市（3位）年（4位）月（2位）日（2位）校验位（4位），校验位末尾可能为X
        if (len == '18') {
            var re_eighteen = /^(\d{6})(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{3})([0-9]|X)$/;
            var arr_data = obj.match(re_eighteen);
            var year = arr_data[2];
            var month = arr_data[3];
            var day = arr_data[4];
            var birthday = new Date(year + '/' + month + '/' + day);
            return verifyBirthday(year, month, day, birthday);
        }
        return false;
    };

    //15位转18位身份证号
    var changeFivteenToEighteen = function (obj) {
        if (obj.length == '15') {
            var arrInt = new Array(7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2);
            var arrCh = new Array('1', '0', 'X', '9', '8', '7', '6', '5', '4', '3', '2');
            var cardTemp = 0, i;
            obj = obj.substr(0, 6) + '19' + obj.substr(6, obj.length - 6);
            for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
                cardTemp += obj.substr(i, 1) * arrInt[i];
            }
            obj += arrCh[cardTemp % 11];
            return obj;
        }
        return obj;
    };
    //校验位的检测
    var checkParity = function (obj) {
        //15位转18位
        obj = changeFivteenToEighteen(obj);
        var len = obj.length;
        if (len == '18') {
            var arrInt = new Array(7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2);
            var arrCh = new Array('1', '0', 'X', '9', '8', '7', '6', '5', '4', '3', '2');
            var cardTemp = 0,
                i, valnum;
            for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
                cardTemp += obj.substr(i, 1) * arrInt[i];
            }
            valnum = arrCh[cardTemp % 11];
            if (valnum == obj.substr(17, 1)) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        return false;
    };

    console.log('校验长度，类型:', isCardNo(id_card))
    console.log('检查省份:', checkProvince(id_card))
    console.log('校验生日:', checkBirthday(id_card))
    console.log('检验位的检测:', checkParity(id_card))

    //校验长度，类型
    if (isCardNo(id_card) === false) {
        return false;
    }
    //检查省份
    if (checkProvince(id_card) === false) {
        return false;
    }
    //校验生日
    if (checkBirthday(id_card) === false) {
        return false;
    }
    //检验位的检测
    if (checkParity(id_card) === false) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

module.exports = {
    verify_id_card
}